Ebook The Knights (Unabridged Start Publishing LLC), by Aristophanes
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If the American Editor of this little volume (which is sent forth as a test of the character of American learning) deemed it either expedient or necessary to expatiate upon the merits of an author so celebrated and gifted as A ristophanes, he might extend his eulogia beyond the patient perusal of the moderns. The eloquent and erudite preliminary discourse by the accomplished translator, however, anticipates the remarks which otherwise would be expanded. No satirist, ancient or modern, ever enjoyed the deserved reputation of A ristophanes, and no one ever depicted, in colors so vivid and unfading, the essential and peculiar characteristics of democracy. As he lived under the dominion of the Universal People, he thoroughly understood the qualities of the democrats whom he has ridiculed and immortalized; and he never shrunk, when occasion demanded, from the exposure of flagrant abuses. Therefore, we commend, earnestly commend the perusal of this volume to our literary countrymen: and if the reception of this limited edition of a single comedy shall justify the editor in the more enlarged republication of all the works of A ristophanes, he will rejoice in the opportunity, thus afforded, of instructing and enlightening his countrymen.
- Sales Rank: #3025789 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-11-01
- Released on: 2012-11-01
- Format: Kindle eBook
About the Author
THOMAS G. MITCHELL is the author of "Indispensable Traitors" (Greenwood, 2002) and "Native vs Settler" (Greenwood, 2000). His research concentration has been on ethnic conflicts in settler societies. He has also served with the Army in Bosnia and Kosovo.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
The tyrant Cleon is taken down by a lowly sausage-seller
By Lawrance Bernabo
"The Knights" is one of the comic masterpieces of Aristophanes, constituting a direct personal attack on Cleon. The level of invective and satire is pretty astounding, especially since this was only the fourth comedy written by Aristophanes. In his previous comedy, "The Archanians," a character had threatened to cut up Cleon into shoe-leather for the Knights, and in this play the comic playwright makes good on his promise. From satirizing the policies of Cleon's political party and capturing the miseries of war, Aristophanes turns to a personal attack on Cleon as a demagogue.
The comedy begins with two characters, Demosthenes and Nicias, who are caricatures of the historic orators who Aristophanes saw as following public opinion instead of truly leading the people like Pericles. The pair are slaves in the house of Demos, that is to say the citizens of Athens, and are complaining about the new slave, the Paplagonian ("the Tanner"), who represents Cleon and who controls "Demos" by even worst means than they ever did. So they decide to steal the oracles used to persuade Demos and learn that their enemy will be brought down by a sausage-seller. The next thing we know, a sausage-seller stumbles upon stage and the pair convince him to acting, promising him wealth, power, and the support of a thousand knights (who comprise the play's chorus).
At this point the Paphlagonian shows up and the rest of the play consists of mainly a series of agons between him and the sausage-seller in which the two try to out wit, out lie, and outlast each other to win the favor of Demos. The sausage-seller wins over the Demos and Cleon is condemned to sell sausages made with the meat of asses and dogs, always be drunk, to exchange foul language with prostitutes, and to drink nothing but dirty bath water. In the parabasis the chorus ignore Cleon and talk instated about what would happen to the poor tragic poet who wrote this comedy if Athens treats them the way they have other geniuses as they crow old. The big finale has the chorus singing the praises of the knights, their forefathers, the god Poseidon, and of horses (which are sacred to Poseidon).
Compared to "The Acharnians," it is clear "The Knights" is a much more bitter play, portraying the Paplagonian as an unprincipled, lying, cheating scoundrel. The legend is that no other comic dared to lampoon Cleon on stage and that Aristophanes played the role himself and instead of wearing a mask that would clearly represent the features of Cleon smeared his face with wine to represent the purple and bloated visage of the demagogue. The title, as is often the case with the work of Aristophanes, represents the chorus in the play. The Knights were one of the highest orders of citizens in Athens and embodied many of the aristocratic preferences and prejudices that Aristophanes saw as being outdated.
"The Knights" was the fourth play produced by Aristophanes, presented at the Lenæan Festival in 424 B.C. We do not know much of his first two efforts, "The Revellers" and "The Babylonians," both of which are long lost, but the third comedy, "The Acharnians" was the first of his three great comedies dealing with the subject of the Peloponnesian War, along with "The Peace" and "Lysistrata." "The Knights" was awarded the first prize at the festival, but Cleon remained in power and therefore a subject for further barbs from Aristophanes.
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